Lit Review Two!

1. Armstrong, Elizabeth & Hamilton, Laura & Sweeney, Brian. (2006). Sexual Assault on Campus: A Multilevel, Integrative Approach to Party Rape. Social Problems 
2. This article uses stats and interviews by the authors to discuss “Party Rape” and other assaults on college campuses. 
3. The authors of this article are Elizabeth Armstrong, Laura Hamilton, and Brian Sweeny. 
4. There are three authors of this piece, although there are many voices in the article because of the countless interviews. The first author is Elizabeth Armstrong. Armstrong is a sociologist who focuses on gender, sex, and sexuality, and social movement. She did a fellowship at Harvard and later worked at both the University of Michigan and the University of Indiana. Additionally, Armstong has written many pieces, including a book with Laura Hamilton. Laura Hamilton is a professor of sociology at the University of California. She has written numerous books, generally focusing on students in college. The topics in these books include racial and financial disparities of college students, as well as college assault. The last author of this article, Brian Sweeney, went to the University of Indiana, where Armstrong later worked. Sweeney taught at LIU where he educated in gender sexuality, and peer culture. He has written many pieces on these topics. 
5. One term that’s used in this article is “party rape” (484). After establishing the heavy link between alcohol consumption and sexual assault, Armstong and Hamilton define “party rape”. They differentiate between rape a party rape by giving criteria to party rape. These include the use of providing alcohol, or targeting drunk women, for it to happen at a party generally off-campus, and usually to have been performed by an acquaintance or a stranger at the party. 
   Another term that Nina Eliasoph and Paul Lichterman (class of 2003) explain to Armstong, Hamilton, and Sweeney is “group style” (491). They explain that group style is the expectation of party goers and party throwers. For instance, people are expected to first pregame the party and then get dressed a certain way before they even attend the party. Group style encourages everyone to fall into a specific character, one that will do what the people around them, especially the party thrower, ask. 
6. Quotes: 
1. The first quote shows the way that frat parties usually work. “Fraternities police the door of their parties, allowing in desirable guests (first-year women) and turning away others (unaffiliated men). Women told us of abandoning parties when male friends were not admitted. They explained that fraternity men also controlled the quality and quantity of alcohol. Brothers served themselves first, then personal guests, and then other women. Non-affiliated and unfamiliar men were served last, and generally had access to only the least desirable beverages. The promise of more or better alcohol was often used to lure women into private spaces of the fraternities.” (491)
2. The second quote is a story about a woman named Amanda. Amanda didn’t want to make a big deal about a situation, out of fear of not being taken seriously, and she ended up in a bad situation. “Amanda, a woman on our hall, provides insight into how men take advantage of women’s niceness, gender difference, and unequal control of party resources. Amanda reported meeting a “cute” older guy, Mike, also a student, at a local student bar. She explained that “At the bar, we were kind of making out a little bit and I told him just cause I’m sitting here making out doesn’t mean that I want to go home with you, you know?” After Amanda found herself stranded by friends with no cell phone or cab fare, Mike promised that a sober friend of his would drive her home. Once they got in the car Mike’s friend refused to take her home and instead dropped her at Mike’s place. Amanda’s concerns were heightened by the driver’s disrespect. “He was like, so are you into ménage à trois?” Amanda reported staying awake all night. She woke Mike early in the morning to take her home. Despite her ordeal, she argued that Mike was “a really nice guy” and exchanged telephone numbers with him.” (493)
3. The third quote shows that it's not just the perpetrators who shame the victims, but sometimes it's even their friends. “For example, a focus group of senior women explained that at a small fraternity gathering their friend Amy came out of the bathroom. She was crying and said that a guy “had her by her neck, holding her up, feeling her up from her crotch up to her neck and saying that I should rape you, you are a fucking whore.” The woman’s friends were appalled, saying, “no one deserves that.” On the other hand, they explained that: “Amy flaunts herself. She is a whore so, I mean . . . ” They implied that if one is a whore, one gets treated like one.” (494)
7. This article helps get first-hand interviews of what happens regarding not just frat parties, but also the assaults at these parties (or on college campuses).